Part of Speech |
Definition |
Examples |
adjective
|
Describes a noun |
hairy, crazy, wonderful |
adverb |
Describes a verb, adjective or another adverb (it often ends with “ly”) |
carefully, easily, barely, several, soon, today |
articles |
Are adjectives, little words that precede nouns |
a, an, the
|
conjunctions |
join together words, phrases, or clauses |
and, or, but, yet, so, for
|
direct objects |
Is the receiver of action within a sentence, as in |
She hit the ball, or
They named their daughter Ann. |
helping verbs |
Are used to form some of the verb tenses of the main verb |
is, was, had, should, will,
Tom was washing his dog. |
homophones/homonyms
|
Words that sound the same but have different meanings |
Whale/wail, weighed, wade, tail/tale, pair/pear |
interjection |
Is an outcry or sudden utterance and usually starts a sentence |
Wow, gosh, darn |
noun |
A person, place, thing, or idea |
Pencil, girl, supermarket, happiness |
object of the preposition
|
Is the noun that follows the preposition |
Over the fence |
parallel structure |
Means using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance |
Mary likes swimming, hiking, and bicycling. |
participles |
A verb forms that usually end in ing or ed
Participles function as adjectives but have characteristics of verbs |
Swimming, hiked |
predicate |
Contains the verb of the sentence and says what the subject is doing |
Sally is eating pizza for dinner. |
pronoun |
Replaces a noun or noun phrase |
He, she, it, they |
preposition
(simple, compound, phrasal) |
Describes the relationship between a noun and another noun (or verb or adverb) |
to, under, for, at, by, from
simple: at, in, on
compound: outside, underneath
phrasal: on account of, in front of |
prepositional phrase |
Is a phrase that describes the relationship between a noun and another noun (or verb or adverb) |
To the store, under the rug, for their friends. |
subject |
Is the “who” or “what” that a sentence is about |
A writer can be creative. |
verb |
Are the actions or existence words that tell what nouns do |
Run, are, jump |
verbs of being |
Verbs that do not have action |
Was, were, are, is
|
verb tenses
|
Tense indicates time, there
present, past, future |
Am, was, will be |
present- action happening at the present time
present perfect – action that began in the past but continues in the present |
The students sit in their seats.
The students have sat in their seats.
|
past – action that is completed
past perfect – action in that past that occurs before another past action |
The students sat in their seats.
The students had sat in their seats all day.
|
future – action that will take place in the future
future perfect – action that will begin in the future and be completed by a specific time in the future |
The students will sit in their seats.
The students will have sat in their seats all day.
|